World Religions and Places of Worship

Religious expression The statement of â€Å" Money should be spent helping people, not decorating a place of worship† is a very controversial one. It could either be true or false, depending on the place, time and size of the church. It is completely true that the money used for decorating a place of worship such as a church or a mosque could be better-spent helping people as mentioned in the previous statement. However, I agree and disagree with this statement to certain extents.I agree because, taking Christianity and churches as an example, it is taught in the bible that modesty is an important aspect of life that must be met. However, many churches seem to do the exact opposite. Decorating their walls with paintings, using stained glass windows and placing gold crosses within the church. Other religions such as Islam also spend a lot of money on the interior and exterior decoration of mosques. Filling them with golden calligraphy and a number of minarets that are all expen sively done.This money could have been used to help the less fortunate and other people who are in need of financial aid. I disagree due to the following reasons; firstly with places of worship being fancily decorated, expensively or not, it increases the amount of respect people have to that place. It also shows respect to, in some religions, god or the person of worship for that religion. Taking the Notre Dame as an example, the amount of money it brings to the tourism of France is extremely high. People visit it for pilgrimage, examining its intricate architecture and design and even to repent.The extra money this church brings in could help the less fortunate in many ways. Thus proving the previous statement controversial. Secondly, the aim of showing god the sacrifices and financial efforts that were made to his satisfaction and in satisfaction of his worshipers. This reduces the effect that the statement has on the decoration of places of worship. In conclusion, I both agree a nd disagree with the statement of â€Å" money should be spent helping people, not decorating a place of worship†.Due to the numerous reasons and examples above and taking into consideration the main point of money that could have been spent helping people, spent on decorating a church that would positively impact the economy of a country and then helping people. The statement could work both ways, and if the place of worship was properly decorated, attracting enough people to it, it can gain enough money to help people in need of help and improving their lives from all aspects is possible.

Effective Communication Essay

Effective communication is essential in any workplace, especially within a criminal justice organization. In this paper, the author will discuss the process of verbal and nonverbal communication and the associated components of each, the differences between listening and hearing in communication, the formal and informal channels of communication in criminal justice organizations and the strategies that may be implemented to overcome communication barriers therein. Types of Communication and the Process Involved  Communication is defined as â€Å"a process involving several steps, among two or more persons, for the primary purpose of exchanging information. † (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). This process can involve two types of communication: verbal and nonverbal. Verbal Verbal communication includes transmitting information orally. This type of communication can involve sharing information or exchanging ideas between two people or a group. Speaking is just one aspect of verbal communication. Verbal communication does not solely involve the sender transmitting the message to the receiver. Verbal communication also involves listening from the receiver and giving feedback to the sender as a confirmation that the message was understood. In a criminal justice organization, â€Å"oral communication skills are necessary to talk with members of the general public, request assistance from other officers, advise suspects of their Miranda rights, and inform supervisors that certain actions have occurred. † (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Being an officer requires a lot of verbal communication to fulfill some of the essential duties of working in law enforcement. Nonverbal Nonverbal communication includes written communication via reports, memorandums, notes from meetings, notes taken from accounts between officers and witnesses, victims, suspects, etc. Nonverbal can also include facial expressions. Facial expressions and body language oftentimes are used to convey emotions when words are absent. The Process of Communication The process of communication involves transmitting an idea, sending the idea through a medium (verbal/nonverbal), receiving the message, understanding the idea, and providing feedback to the message sender. The first step of transmitting an idea â€Å"implies the formation of one or several thoughts and the desire to express these ideas†. (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). The next step involves choosing a method of communicating that idea. This can be done through verbal or nonverbal communication. Despite what method is used, it is imperative to know who the audience is and decide what tone the message is to be delivered. The tone, especially with oral communication, can make a world of a difference in how the receiver interprets the message. When the receiver then receives the message, his interpretation may not be how the message was originally intended to be received. The understanding of the idea or message relies strongly on interpretation of the person receiving the message. The process is then completed when the receiver provides feedback to the message sender by clarifying what he or she understood and then agreeing or disagreeing with the message itself. All these steps are part of the communication process, if one step fails then the communication becomes ineffective and invaluable. Listening vs. Hearing  According to the American Heritage College Dictionary, the word hearing is defined as â€Å"the sense by which sound is perceived; the capacity to hear† (2009). Hearing can include the capacity to hear the audio of the message being received and the words being enunciated, but it cannot ensure whether the message was indeed understood. Hearing is only one part of the communication process. The ability to comprehend by actually listening to what is being said, understanding the message by using the aids such as tone, facial expressions and body language completes this process. Active listening is important to effective communication. Channels of Communication Channels of communication in a criminal justice organization help demonstrate how the information flows from one person or group to another. The flow of communication or channels can include formal or informal methods. Formal Formal channels of communication include orders, directives and written memorandums that follow a chain of command. Communication in this scenario usually flows downward from the highest level of the totem pole, such as a police chief down to its subordinates. This type of channel of communication has both its advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of using a formal channel promote uniformity within the department. All officers, despite their rank, receive the same information. The disadvantage of using formal channels is that it sometimes stops the free flow of communication. If this channel type of communication is used it does not leave much room for officers to exchange freely any information within their department. That is to say that patrol officers usually are not encouraged to communicate amongst their peers but rather just receive instruction from their superiors. This hinders the department because officers are not encouraged to help one another, communicate with each other and possibly provide or exchange crucial information that might help them execute their responsibilities. Informal Informal channels of communication include â€Å"unofficial routes of communication within a law enforcement agency. These channels do not appear on any organizational chart, and they may not be officially sanctioned by the department. † (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). This type of communication usually allows a free flow of information within all those employed in criminal justice organization. The direction of communication usually does not go up or down the ladder of chain of command. It opens up and encourages communication between officers and the different departments that make up the law enforcement agency. It promotes the sharing of information amongst peers that may ultimately contribute to successfully completing their duty of serving and protecting the community together as a team. Barriers to Effective Communication There are many barriers to effective communication. These barriers include emotional, physical and semantic barriers. Ineffective listening can also be construed as an important barrier as well. Emotional barriers can include an officer having low self esteem. This officer in question perhaps feels the need to refrain from communicating anything because he lacks self-confidence and is afraid to be put down by his peers. Many agencies have confronted this type of barrier by providing peer support groups so that they can work together to break these feelings of insecurity and promote a sense of trust. Physical barriers can breakdown communication. Physical barriers can include the use of faulty equipment where messages cannot be transmitted from one to another because the radio transmitters are not working or the computers in the vehicles or in the office are down. Having readily available and working technological equipment can help with communication between officers. Other types of physical barriers is perhaps the distance between officers when they are communicating. Shortening the distance can help provide a feeling of camaraderie and trust. Semantics involve the selection of words you choose to aid you with your communication. Obviously if you choose the wrong word, the communication will not be as effective and the entire message can be misread. Ineffective listening can also play a role in hindering the communication process. If one is not engaged in the speaker because perhaps they do not find the speaker or his/her topic interesting enough, or perhaps you already have your biases or set opinions on what is being said and so your are listening with a closed mind, this can lend to ruining the communication between you and the sender. Strategies to Overcome Barriers In order to overcome the above mentioned barriers, you must first understand what kind of barrier is preventing the flow of communication. Once pinpointing the type of barrier you can proceed to try and remove those barriers so that you can become an effective communicator. Emotional barriers can be dealt with by working on self improvement such as going to counseling for depression or self esteem issues can help. Law enforcement agencies can provide help with finding the right person to talk to or by providing a peer support group you can join to help deal with these types of emotional barriers. Physical barriers can be handled by ensuring that all equipment used within the department is adequately functioning and therefore the lines of communication can remain open. If the physical barrier involves distance between officers, then that distance needs to be shortened so that the communication between these officers allows for better exchange between them. Barriers that involve semantics can be improved upon by going to school or studying grammar, and word selection. The internet is a great way to explore tools that can help with improving your communication skills with words. Identifying what barriers are preventing someone from exchanging information and finding appropriate solutions to overcome these challenges will ensure a better and more effective way of communicating. Conclusion As children we learned early on how to communicate first without words then learning to speak and finally learning to write. Communication is a vital part of life. Without proper communication, the exchange of ideas and messages cannot be conveyed between people in either a personal or professional setting. Communication within a criminal justice organization is just as important. Learning how the process of communication works and identifying the barriers that breakdown this communication are tools that are needed. Communication is crucial to helping overall with the execution of law enforcement.

How Does Hitchcock Manipulate the Audience in the Shower Scene in the Film, Psycho Essay

Sir Alfred Hitchcock was an English film maker in the 20th century. He was well known for his techniques in engaging with the emotions of the audience and maximizing the feelings of anxiety and fear. Hitchcock, (also nicknamed as the master of suspense) directed more than fifty feature films of which the majority had twisted endings and thrilling plots, including violence, murder and crime. His iconic feature was to always appear in the movie. He was most likely to be seen walking through a busy crowd or across a street in some part of the film he was regarded as the greatest British film-maker and an iconic cultural figure. Psycho was one of Hitchcock’s most famous films. It was made in 1960 and although it originally received mixed reviews it was later re-reviewed resulting in 4 academy nominations. The story is about a young woman who steals a sum of money from her boss and when hiding in a motel she is brutally murdered by the psychotic hotel owner. The film is in black and white to add to the suspense with the music which originally Hitchcock wasn’t going to have. Psycho was considered Hitchcock’s best movie and is an inspiration to most horror films today. In this essay I will be describing the techniques Hitchcock uses to emphasize the fear and manipulate the audience during and leading up to the shower scene. The lead up to the shower scene starts with Marion, (who so far is thought of as the main character) driving down a highway in the busy rain making it almost impossible to see ahead of her. Whilst Marion is driving you soon come across a small lit up sign saying ‘Bates Motel’ Hitchcock uses the effect of the light to make it almost suggest it’s heavenly, this is a reassurance to the audience that Marion will be safe because she’s found somewhere to stay. However when we reach the motel it appear to be deserted until the camera zooms up to a big old fashioned house, with a small shadowed figure on the second floor, that appears to be in the shape of a woman, this at the time is a reassurance to Marion because someone is there who can help her. During this the only sound we hear is the heavy rain which fills the emptiness of the scene. A young man then appears to help her book a room, although he tries to create conversation Marion’s sentences are short, as if to portray she is in a hurry. Hitchcock then zooms in on her when she is writing her signature. We notice that she writes a different second name, this makes the audience shifty, because she’s lying. The cameras zoom onto the man who is introduced as Norman, he hesitates before picking a key, this arouses curiosity in audience as you wonder why he would pick a different room. When Norman is showing Marion the room he opens the windows and is hesitant to go into the bathroom or even say its name. He appears shifty and awkward which once again perks up interest in the audience as to why he is so shifty, you can help but feel a little worried as to why he can’t go into the bathroom. The conversations between Marion and Norman are short and awkward. As soon as Norman leaves the music starts to fill the silence and Marion wraps the money up in a newspaper to hide it, the music rises when this happens which suggests tension which makes the audience feel uncomfortable, as if she were taking a risk. Norman comes back with food for Marion and takes her into a small room behind the office to eat, as soon as you see the room stuffed birds fill the screen giving a creepy affect as if they were all watching you. As Norman talks to Marion he is constantly fiddling with his fingers as if to show that he is nervous, he also stutters some words to add to the effect. The conversation is awkward and Norman seems to be leading most of the conversation. The camera then moves to a low angle where a stuffed bird appears to be looking at Norman as he speaks, he compares the emotions of feeling empty and the light inside to go out to a damp grave which puts his emotions into context. When Marion recommends he takes his mother to an institution Norman leans in and the camera focuses on his showing his facial expression appear as anger, the music starts and his voice starts to rise as he gets angry. He then quotes, â€Å"She just goes a little mad sometimes. † This sentence sends a shiver down the audience’s spine because they assume the worst of that sentence. Questions are asked as the sentence can be interpreted in many ways. At this sentence Hitchcock zooms in on Marion’s face which appears uncomfortable and a little scared. She then rises to appear at a low angle which makes her look bigger and leaves. The camera returns to Norman who is now at a high angle shot, he appears small and desperate when he asks her to stay, you can tell from the camera angle what the answer is going to be. As soon as Marion leaves the music starts and we watch as Norman takes a painting off a wall to reveal a spy hole. We watch as Norman spies on the unsuspecting Marion as she undresses, to the audience this may appear as a typical thing for a man because they can’t help that they’re attracted to women. He then leaves to go back to the house, the music rises and builds up with tension to suggest that something is going to happen, however when the music reaches the highest pitch, Norman turns away, with his hands in his pocket as if to show his anger and energy has gone. At the beginning of the shower scene you see Marion writing calculations for her money however she later rips it up and throws it away. This almost gives the affect of a cliff-hanger which expresses the empty silence. As no-one is speaking Hitchcock emphasizes every sound possible, the opening of the shower rail, the unwrapping of the soap and the sound of the water coming from the shower, he does this to build the tension. For the next minute you see Marion happily enjoying a shower and for this reason you don’t expect anything bad to come after it, the camera moves from different angles and shots to show that she is happy. It then leads onto a wide shot where you are in full view of the shower and the curtain behind her. We see that Marion is at the bottom right hand side of the shower which almost gives the idea of vulnerability and her being trapped at one side because there is no way out if anything were to happen. Although Marion is the only moving thing in the shot you soon see a shadow appearing through the shower curtain, all the sounds are blocked as the water fills the silence and hides any other sounds you might be able to hear. As you see the shadow getting closer and darker tension and curiosity builds the camera slowly zooms into the looming shadow. (This is used by a retractable camera on the back wall. As the camera zooms in closer to the shape you can start to make out a human figure, you can feel your heart racing as you see a hand reach out to draw back the curtain. As soon as you hear the sound of the curtain being ripped back high pitched minor key music starts to reveal a terrifying figure of a women holding a break knife raised in her hand ready to kill. Hitchcock cleverly uses lighting and a low angle camera shot to shadow the face of the murderer so you don’t know who it is that kills Marion, this also adds curiosity to the fear as you don’t know who the murderer is. However the audience can assume that it is Norman’s mad mother. The next 45 seconds involve a brutal murder with sounds affect of stabbing and screaming as you watch the mad mother attack Marion. Hitchcock uses various camera shots and angle to add to the fear by constantly changing the views so you are not fully clear of what is going on, it also adds to Marion’s emotions as she struggles to prevent herself from being stabbed by the woman. At the same time you can also feel the emotions of the mother who portrays anger and revenge through the desperation of her stabbing and how she carries on to stab Marion even though she knows that she would die anyway. Hitchcock also uses a low angle shot which makes the murderer appear bigger and more superior to Marion as if to portray that she has won, and Marion won’t survive, he also uses the high angle shot to make Marion appear smaller and vulnerable. The mother then makes a swift exit leaving Marion to die as the music slows down. The camera zooms in onto Marion’s hand as it slides down the titles, Hitchcock then cleverly adds to the effect of putting Marion at the side of the shot, this almost adds effect to the fear because placing Marion in the centre of the screen may have appeared as quite tacky. The camera shows Marion put all her effect into reaching out to the shower rail as if she’s motioning for someone to help her, but then as the music stops she grabs the hand railing and falls to the floor motionless. The music almost signifies her death and murder, because when the music starts she’s frightened and screaming, thus meaning the music is high pitched but as she slowly sinks to her death the music deepens and slows down, then when she finally dies, the music stops. After that the only sound you are left with is the shower still running, the camera zooms into the drain as you see the darker shades of the water, which is the blood run down the drain. Hitchcock then cleverly zooms right into the drain, then when he zooms out, it reveals the eye of Marion as the camera rotates to reveal her motionless face. This could suggest that Marion’s life has gone down the drain, because she has nothing left. Her body appears motionless and innocent. The scene then ends with a shot viewing the money that was left behind, and the only sound is the shower running in the background. This leaves us at a cliff-hanger because Hitchcock as killed off what we though would be the main character and the $40,000 has been left, and we do not know what will happen to it. In conclusion to the evidence found we can see that Hitchcock used techniques uch as lighting, camera positions and angles, shots and sound to create suspense. He mainly uses music and silences to build the tension in the scene. The silences make the audience feel uncomfortable because this makes them expect something is going to happen. Hitchcock makes the audience expect the unexpected but then does the opposite. For example, he kills the main character off a third of a way through the movie. This adds more fear to ‘Psycho’ because unlike most horror films today, you don’t know what’s going to happen next.

Argument Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Argument Analysis - Essay Example This article primarily discusses how Facebook has become addictive despite its various flaws most noticeably those pertaining to privacy and loss of valuable human interaction. This idea, however, has not been explicitly stated and unfolds until one finishes reading the argument. Although the thesis has been implicitly stated in the argument, it is easily understood and apparent through the language used by the author. This article is mainly targeted at the youth, primarily 15-30 year olds who either use Facebook regularly or disprove of its use. The author tries to engage this audience by using analogies which relate Facebook to a country and its users as nationals, he aptly describes the thesis through the phrase â€Å"you’ll never make it past the border† (Petri) which means Facebook is addictive. Furthermore, the use of statistics is also prevalent although to a lesser extent. More statistics could have been used such as an appropriate number of people who quit Facebook per year or the number of users who intend to quit Facebook but do not. These could have strengthened the author’s argument greatly. Furthermore, the sources of the statistics used in this article have not been disclosed which questions the authenticity of these statistics. On the brighter side, however, examples and analogies were primarily used to convey the argument which did prove effective. While the use of analogies has proved to be convey a convincing argument, several assumptions have been made by the author are too simplistic and have been generalized. For instance, the author assumes that we spend ‘all’ our time on Facebook which disregards many users who do not use Facebook at all or who use it sparingly. This has somewhat weakened the argument since only one type of users have been considered which is ‘heavy users’ of Facebook. Describing

Organizational Behavior Indept Comapny Analysis Coursework

Organizational Behavior Indept Comapny Analysis - Coursework Example These functions are performed by all the managers at all levels of management and irrespective of the nature of the business. Organizations upgrade their management system with an aim of gaining competitive advantage over other organizations in the industry. Success or failure of an organization is directly connected to the effectiveness of the management team. For an organization or business entity to gain a competitive advantage over others, it has to strategically manage its affairs. Strategic management is aimed at improved returns, maintain operations and contain the prevailing competition in the market place. Basically, strategic management is aiming at adequately responding to the uncertainties, changes and adapting to the market demands. Therefore, when an organization strategically manages its affairs, it may gain a competitive advantage over other companies. Competitive advantage is gained only if the strategies developed by a company are expensive for or cannot be adopted by other companies in the market. An organization that strategically manages its affairs may gain and maintain competitive advantage which is essential for the survival of a business despite the market changes (Smith, and Conners, 2009, pp 34-78). Company history For instance, Euro Disney is of American origin but considered one of the largest companies in Europe. The company was initially formed in the United States but after successful operation for several years, it opted to grow to other regions in Europe. This led to the company growing from a domestic to international company. It is an international company hence operates several business entities in the region among them the Disneyland resort Paris. The site comprises of several components such as the discovery land, fantasyland, adventure land, frontier land and main street USA. The company also encompasses of a 27-hole golf course, Disney village, 68 restaurants, seven hotels, two convention centers and 52 boutiques. The company opened for operation in the late march 1992 for the employees. The presses were later formally invited to the company on April 11th 1992 and on April 12th 1992 for the visitors. The company enjoyed enormous profits but later incurred losses. Cultural differen ces Though Euro Disney operates in the European countries, it has encountered cultural differences in some countries. This is because the company was formed in the United States and had an American business setting. Therefore, the company operated with adoption of American business aspects. Since there are cultural differences between America and France, the company had to adjust to the cultural difference so as to suit into the French market. These cultural differen

Are Cell Phones Really Dangerous to People Research Proposal

Are Cell Phones Really Dangerous to People - Research Proposal Example The problem has been identified: children have often access to cell phones with the permission of their parents. This trend is extremely dangerous especially since scientists have set severe restrictions regarding the potential use of cell phones by children – but these restrictions seem to be ignored by most of the people worldwide. At this point, the following problem appears: are cell phones really dangerous to people? This problem has been explored through a series of relevant studies. It is proved that cell phones can actually harm health; moreover, it seems that the risks for health can be severe for people of all ages. At the next level, it has been made clear that the ways in which cell phones can affect the health of humans can vary; the direct use of cell phone may be less harmful compared to the residence near a cell phone tower. Dr. Vini Khurana studied the effects of cell phones on health; his research led to the following findings: ‘the use of handsets for 10 years or more can double the risk of brain cancer’ (Geoffrey 2008). In the above study, is given on the fact that certain types of cancer can take quite long to develop – even up to a decade; therefore, the above study – having lasted for such period - provides a precise estimation of the potential effects of cell phones on the brain. Another important finding of the study of Khurana has been the following one: cell phones can be more dangerous from smoking; the above finding indicates the level of risk related to the use of cell phones but also the level at which cell phones intervene in daily activities have led to the development of addiction similar to smoking – as this problem is revealed through the study presented above. The various aspects of the danger of cell phones for human health are analyzed in the article of Kovach (2007); in the above article reference is made to the findings of the research developed by George Carlo, a medical scientis t who has spent years on studying the effects of cell phones – both of handsets and cell phone towers – on health; his research lasted from 1993 up to 1999 and reveals a series of important aspects of the health risks related to the use of cell phones. The key findings of his study could be summarized as follows: a) cell phones are not tested as for their risks for health; they enter the market without any testing, as a result of a legislative gap of the period when these devices appeared – the 1980s, b) cell phones can cause severe problems of health, even death, since they are involved in the continuous transmission of waves which can adversely affect the bio-field of humans (Kovach 2007); it is possible for this reason that cell phones have been also related to the changes in the DNA of their users – as also highlighted below.  

Interview Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview Report - Assignment Example Mr. Joe has worked at different positions within the company at different points in time. He started at the basic level where he provided help in different kinds of tasks and over the time, acquired new skills and talents and ultimately became the Branch Manager of the company. Mr. Joe has worked with a paralegal company before where he learnt image scanning. His ability to manipulate images played a fundamental role in his selection in Joseph & Merritt. Mr. Joe shared his experiences with this company and has thrown light upon the risks, challenges, opportunities, and strategies to be successful. In this paper, I have discussed the main points that I gained from the interview and have reflected upon my experience of conducting this interview. This interview was a very informative session for me in which I learnt many things from Mr. Joe. One thing that I have gained from the interview is that a businessman has to actively observe the market all the time in order to identify what are the current trends and business practices. For example, having observed that immense reliance on technology has made the businesses digital in their practices, Joseph Merritt & Company assessed the risk of decrease in the need of printing in the future and accordingly started offering new kinds of services including the sale of printing equipment and providing its clients with software services. Another thing that I have observed is that managing a business is much more interesting as compared to serving in a company as an employee. The main reason for this is that when one has one’s own business, it puts one in a position to experiment according to one’s knowledge, understanding, and assessment. One becomes more responsible since the future of the business is integrally linked with the extent to which the businessman makes informed and timely decisions. Working as an employee in a company provides very little, if any, opportunity to an individual to modify the busine ss practices and there is usually very little appreciation whereas in business, even the losses are a source of learning for an individual because they tell how the strategies have to be modified to gain success. Success attained from personal decision making is a big motivation driver, which is why business is fulfilling and satiating psychologically, and emotionally. I also learnt that in order to do business in a rapidly changing market as the contemporary market, it is imperative that one knows what the right kinds of services are to be offered at a particular place at a particular point in time. For example, Joseph Merritt & Company has different kinds of clients in different places where its branches have opened. In some places, most of the business is conducted with the construction companies whereas in other places, schools and other institutions are the potential clients. Mr. Joe told me a lot about the use of social media in business in the contemporary age. Till now, I th ought of social media only as a platform where people socialize with their family and friends and make new friends or run campaigns. This interview has told me a lot about the significance of social media as a business tool. I have found out how social media is being increasingly used by the companies and businessmen to approach potential clients, share information with them about the company’

Topic Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic - Research Proposal Example I am proud to understand that my grandfather was part of Second World War which a historical event changed the face of my home country. Having a multiple ancestry root is admirable fact, but my grandparent’s engagement in World War II changed my persona to a great extend† (Thesis)â€Å"Developing one’s self consists mainly in trend to self-development†3 Second World War is an historical event which has a great importance in political and social terms. This is a war which had all the superpowers of the world participating in it and winning this war was a crucial for all. This Second World War has enhanced the innovative dynamics of America and has built in them a sense of citizenship and patriotism. This war shows the dedication, sincerity and devotion of veteran Americans had for their country. â€Å"The Americans supplied us with 450,000 lorries.Of course, in the final stages of the war this significantly increased our armed forces mobility, decreased our losses and brought us, perhaps, greater success than if we had not such help†7 The Second World War is immensely connected to my family as my maternal and paternal side is linked to this historical event. Firstly, my Granddad was a war veteran which showed the patriotism he had for his country. â€Å"Over time in the United States, this necessary war has been transformed into a good war, the best war the country ever had† 1.Apart from this, on my maternal side, her Irish ancestors took part as British military men in Second World War. Moreover, as we moved to Connecticut after World War II, our life took a positive course â€Å"At the outbreak of the Second World War southern Ireland declared itself neutral while the six counties of Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom became involved†5. Understanding one’s family heritage is of great value as it allows one to grow emotionally and personally as an individual. â€Å"The family is usually considered

Equality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Equality - Assignment Example In the 19th century, the American society thrived on a subsistence economy where women typically did home-based work and reproductive roles. At the onset a market economy, women called for equal social and political representation in the affairs governing the society. In a seemingly patriarchal society, the French feminism of the nineteenth century grew at a very slow rate (Roth 23). On the face of it, the republican political system was reluctant to support the women and refused them the voting rights until after the Second World War, in 1945 (Paletschek & Bianka 12). According to the various reports by human rights organizations, some countries are yet to conform to the observation of women’s right. In the contemporary world, the modern woman faces the challenge of balancing work and social life. Nevertheless, the protection of women from gender discrimination is paramount for any society. Unfortunately, some countries, including the US, have loose gender policies that aim at giving insurance to the social existence of women (Gardiner  11). The pursuit of gender equality is a major controversial debate that surfaces the modern

Official Development Assistance and Underdevelopment Research Paper

Official Development Assistance and Underdevelopment - Research Paper Example First, we begin by laying down the chosen theoretical framework. Frank’s main thesis is that contemporary underdevelopment is in large part the historical product of pas and continuing economic and other relations between the satellite underdeveloped and the now developed metropolitan countries. These relations are an essential part of the structure and development of the capitalist system. Underdevelopment was and still is generated by the development of capitalism. Frank talked a great deal about the metropolis-satellite relationship. He noted that this relationship is not limited to the imperial or international level, but also penetrates and structures the economic, political, and social life of (LA) colonies and countries. Thus, a whole chain of constellations of metropoles and satellites is created. Each of these satellites serves as an instrument to suck capital or economic surplus out of its own satellites, and channel a portion of the said surplus to the world metropo les (i.e. Europe and US). This notion was further developed by Wallerstein who proposed the idea of â€Å"unequal exchange† between the strong states and the weak ones and a view of capitalism that â€Å"involves not only appropriation of the surplus value by an owner from a labourer, but an appropriation of surplus of the whole world-economy by core areas.† by core areas.† (p. 401). ... Public financing transactions are moving away from multilaterals, which had been found quite inept in resolving the world’s problems. The option which provides government less than market price loans (in terms of interest rates) is through bilateral arrangements. Commonly facilitated through state-to-state negotiations, bilateral lending’s advantage lies with the fact that it is easier to trace, clarify, and assert the advantages and interests of both donor and beneficiary states – making easier to resolve potential opposition. China has been the trumpeting its achievements in trading with Africa. In a document entitled, â€Å"China-Africa Economic Trade Cooperation† it was stated: China-Africa bilateral trade volume was only US$12.14 million in 1950, it rose to US$100 million in 1960, and exceeded US$1 billion in 1980. After reaching the US$10 billion mark in 2000, China-Africa trade has maintained a momentum of rapid growth ever since. In 2008, China-Afr ica bilateral trade volume exceeded US$100 billion, of which US$50.8 billion is  China's exports to Africa and US$56 billion is imports from Africa. In the past, loans were used to help developing countries, particularly those in a post-conflict setting. Killick (1998: 4) states that: There has also been a powerful move to link aid with the promotion of â€Å"good governance† (accountability, transparency, the rule of law, the prevention of corruption, etc.) the observance of human rights and the promotion of multi-party democracy. There has been a growing use of conditionality in these areas, particularly by bilateral donors but also by the World Bank. But when it became clear that it was possible to expand the business interest of the donor country

Smoke detectors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smoke detectors - Essay Example This aspect compels companies that contravene these laws and other government policies on emissions to pay more in terms of hefty fines and this weakens the financial positions of most companies resulting to closure or struggling of subsidiaries in emerging markets. On equal measure, corruption has seen the recent claims on the dangers of ionization detectors kept from the public. Conspiracy between the government authorities and the some manufacturing companies forms a significant portion of a political risk on the smoke detector industry, because if the agitation on the issue persists, the companies stand to lose on the profits due to low sales. The Chilean government’s stability and convenient policies on smoke detector industry have encouraged foreign investors to invest. For instance, Chile’s stronger governance has enabled existence of a favourable taxation policy, which has relatively reduced the cost of foreign investors entering a country. This has increased business activities in the smoke detector industry. In essence, the Chilean government provides a favourable environment for investors in the smoke detector industry through tax incentives and protection against public misconception about the dangers of diverse produc ts. The target market for the Chilean smoke detectors in the US market is the students and homes. An estimated 20% of homes in the US are installed with the smoke detectors and the government policy requires that all learning institution be installed with such equipment (Razin, Assaf, Vosgerau, and Bufman, 123). This indicates that most of the Chilean smoke detectors land in the schools, colleges and homes. The perspective of this target is that it forms a large market niche for the detectors from the Chilean manufactures. Similarly, another portion of the US market for the detectors from Chile is the residential pool

Curriculum revision Essay Example for Free

Curriculum revision Essay It is no news that many improvements have taken place in the educational system of the country over the last two decades. Many scientific discoveries have become available as tools to hasten acquisition of productive education that would be useful in contributing effectively to the development of the nation. Arts and science have evolved newer and bigger methods of communication vital for excellent teacher-student relations. Indeed, all forms and work s of life have undergone serious transformations that have made life more compatible with the Earth. Therefore, it would obviously be a futile effort to remain dogmatic and still stick to old school curriculum. Some of the contents of the curriculum are moribund and are inconsistent with the speed of technological advancement. These would not produce 21st century students that can compete favorably with their colleagues from other schools in the Country. As the world progresses, the curriculum must be revised and improved. This need for revision can not be overemphasized as it can be seen in the speed of revisions of many books. Editions change rapidly ever year incorporating new writing skirls that make referencing less burdensome; these also feature printing developments in the form of schema builders like colored pictures, radiological tools, digital and laser printing. All these make reading more pleasurable and books more alluring to the eyes. It is important to emphasize the major that actually need such revision: writing skills have to advance tremendously. Better syntax need be incorporated: this is intended to accommodate new rules of concord. With this, the knowledge of grammar of students is significantly century-compliant. Simple English would convey the information better. Styles of writing such as the APA American Psychological Association, MLA [Modern Language Association] and other referencing styles such as Harvard, Oxford or Chicago should be integrated in the revision. These are indeed indispensable as they ease reading, make references more accessible, and promote further study on the subject of concern. These also encourage the learning of the language, in relation to other fields on interest. The singular most important tool that upholds education in this age is Technology. It is just inevitable for productive and responsive training in any field. The use of Audiovisual aids for teaching and learning, information transfer through such facilities as the Internet shrinks the world to a global village. Thus, the teacher-student distance has reduced drastically. This access as made education livelier and closer than it used to be in the old days. Better printing gadgets have also added glamour to written materials. The use of Slide shows with PowerPoint and other computer application packages have aid knowledge and research. These are extraordinary and highly welcomed. Incorporations of these into the curriculum can not be overemphasized. Teachers would be better equipped to discharge their duties and students would be more receptive to teaching. Really, It is only a fool who trek one thousand miles barefooted to deliver an urgent mail when he has been offered a car for the same trip.

Features of a Healthy Individual

Features of a Healthy Individual Part A is Read the Nutrition and Diet science box (provided in the attachment, page 21) summarize the main points in your own words (approximately 100 words). Part A The healthy diet can be subdivided into different functional components. There are those that comprise the major elements vital for the respiratory processes, such as carbohydrates and fats, and the proteins which are largely responsible for physical bodily maintenance. Carbohydrates provide the major energy elements with simple carbohydrates being easily assimilated into the blood stream and thereby into the respiratory pathway of the cell, and the complex carbohydrates being more resistant to digestive processes and thereby providing a longer term energy substrate. Fats also provide energy with unsaturated fats being a more healthy option than saturated ones. Vitamins and minerals are required in milligram quantities and facilitate vital specific metabolic processes in the body. Vitamins are categorised into water and fat soluble varieties Part B is using examples from Chapter 3, (provided in the attachment chapter 3 is on page 35) describe some psychological factors that are influences on the health of the individual (approximately 600 words.) Part B The health of an individual is the sum total of many disparate processes. Some of these processes can be influenced by the behaviour of the individual and this, in turn, is capable of being determined or modified by the beliefs, emotions and cognitive state of the individual as well as the environment. (Finlay L et al. 2005). Other factors are largely immutable such as the individual’s genetic make up which is determined at birth and despite recent advances in the field of gene therapy, is largely unchangeable. Personal choices are subject to many internal and external factors. If one considers alcohol as an illustrative example then clearly the level of alcohol intake of an individual is ultimately a matter of personal choice, but this can be influenced by belief systems which, in turn, can be modified by social pressures and other factors in the environment. Belief systems can be overridden or modified by compulsion or craving. A person may find that they drink alcohol when under social pressure such as being in a group when everyone else is drinking, but equally may not drink when they are alone. Alcohol has the added complicating effect that it directly affects a person’s state of mind (and therefore actions) in a variety of complex ways. It initially disinhibits a person but then, in higher doses, causes confusion and suppression of higher mental functions. Factors that were relevant in a sober state are not necessarily valid when significant amounts of alcohol have been drunk. A person may have the knowledge and belief that two drinks in an evening are sufficient for their perceived needs, but when they have had those two drinks, factors such as social pressure, a desire for tension release or relaxation, or perhaps a reduction of inhibitory thoughts, may culminate in an increased desire for more alcohol. This can be a vicious circle to the point where the toxic effects of alcohol become apparent . (Cheng A T A et al. 2004) There is a large body of evidence which details the effects of the misuse of alcohol on the body. Heart, liver and neurological problems are the commonest sequelae. The development of such complications may prove to be an additional factor in a person’s decision to change their lifestyle. The development of obvious heart or liver disease, which impacts on an individual’s quality of life, may prove to be a catalyst in modifying their drinking habits. Some individuals may have an â€Å"addictive personality†. While there is controversy about the actual definition of this trait, there seems little doubt that it exists. Such â€Å"addictive† people are far more likely to overindulge or persist in habitual or obsessive patterns of behaviour and drinking alcohol is an area where such patterns have been identified and observed. (Echeburua E et al. 2005) Genetic factors have been implicated (but not proved) in this addictive personality. Genetic factors have also been positively implicated in the variation of effect that alcohol has on the body. Some people appear to have greater tolerance to the effects of alcohol than others. This, in part, is due to genetically determined variations in the ability of their bodies to metabolise alcohol. (Wall T et al. 2003) These are some of psychological factors which seem to be generally accepted as being relevant in considerations of alcohol. There are clearly a great many other elements, as demonstrable risk factors include a higher risk of habituation in adolescents and adult men, particularly those with a family history of alcohol addiction, unemployment, marital problems, lower educational level certain ethnicities and cultural attachments. The exact causes of these associations is not clear and is likely to be a complex interaction of many factors, but most authorities agree that psychological factors are amongst the strongest influences on the desire to take alcohol. (Hawkins J D et al. 1997) References Cheng A T A, Gau S F, Chen T H H, Chang J C, Chang Y T (2004) A 4-Year Longitudinal Study on Risk Factors for Alcoholism. Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 2004; 61( 2): 184 191. Echeburua E, Bravo De Medinar R, Aizpiri E (2005) ALCOHOLISM AND PERSONALITY DISORDERS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2005 40 (4): 323 326 Finlay, L., Pearson, C. and Ram S. (2005) Understanding health, Milton Keynes, The Open University Hawkins J D, Graham J W, Maguin E, Abbott R, Hill K G, Catalano R F. (1997) Exploring the effects of age of alcohol use initiation and psychosocial risk factors on subsequent alcohol misuse. J Stud Alcohol. 1997; 58 : 280 290 Jung J (2001) The Psychology of Alcohol and Other Drugs. A Research Perspective. Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 98 99, 2003 Wall T L, Carr L G, Ehlers C L (2003) Protective Association of Genetic Variation in Alcohol Dehydrogenase With Alcohol Dependence. Am J Psychiatry 160 : 41 46, January 2003 ############################################################## 26.9.08 Word count 1,023 PDG

Uppsala Model, Transaction Cost Theory and Network Model

Uppsala Model, Transaction Cost Theory and Network Model According to Calof and Beamish (1995), internationalization is the method of adapting organizations operations (resources, strategy, structure,) to foreign environments. This process comprises of the amount and geographic distance of the foreign market that is entered; the different amount of activities that are carried out in the different countries and the intensity of integration of these activities. Firms go into internationalization as a result of their customers migrating and their competitors globalizing while some companies go into it as a symbol of success and progress (multinationalism idea). Due to the complexity of the processes involved in the internationalization, several theories have been designed by different scholars to enable the easy accomplishment of the international emerging markets. Amongst the theories and their different features that are to be discussed are; the Uppsala Model, Transaction Cost theory and the Network Model. Uppsala Model of Internationalization is the theory that is based on the learning and the evolutionary viewpoint. This theory is derived from the behavioral theory which is explained as the nature of the firm through behavioral actions of its customers and the country of its emergence (Cyert and March, 1992). This theorys strength is based on the knowledge on how to conduct a business in a foreign market on which without the knowledge, the intended company to internationalize would be rendered handicapped (Carlson, 1966). Firms using this theory have the tendency of entering a new market successfully through the geographic and psychic distance which means the summation of factors that is hindering the flowing of information from one market to another market; these include differences in language, education, business practices, culture, and industrial development (Johanson Vahlne, 1977, Johanson Associates, 1994). Just as it was mentioned in the 3rd lecture on the 8th of February, the socio-cultural environment/ culture and cultural differences have a big role to play when a company is entering a foreign market, this is because the ways of life of the people, organizations and government will be different from that of the domestic country of the entering firm. This means that the company has to plan on different strategies to use like using two or three languages pattern as the organizational language base and strategies to suit the countrys religion and other sensitive factors in order to be able to penetrate faster than it would have taken. Thus, the model expects that the internationalization process, once it has started, will tend to proceed regardless of whether strategic decisions in that direction are made or not. (Johanson Vahlne, 1990,) There are two types of knowledge that are involved in this theory; the general or objective knowledge which can be taught and the market-specific or the experimental knowledge which can only be learnt via personal experience and is difficult to transfer nor separated from its original source (tacit knowledge) Penrose, (1959). The experimental knowledge is very important as it cannot be easily acquired like the objective knowledge. An example of this can be the carrying out of marketing researches and reports. All the information on the threats and opportunities of the international market can best be gotten from the people working in that country just as it is explained in Johanson and Vahlne, 1990; That it is the experience that generates the business opportunities and constitute the driving force in the internationalization process. This is why this theory is seen to be a slow process because it involves the learning through experience from a firms own activities. It is always the lack of experiential knowledge in the new market that pushes the firm to use the internationalization characterized gradual process which is in stages and known to the Establishment Chain (Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975). Critiques of Uppsala Model This model is too deterministic because its principles are predicted by the evolution of time. All its advances are based and controlled by the environment of which the firm exist or planning to internalize. The model does not take into account the interdependencies between different countriess markets of which a firm operates under. This model is mostly relevant to the physical product industries but usually very slow in entering distant markets in terms of psychic distance at an early stage and its frequently not valid for the service industries as services can be dynamic and more time compressed also requires initial commitments. Subsequently, there are many models and strategies that facilitate the faster and easier avenues to extend a business abroad, therefore, it is no longer necessary to build up knowledge using the in house method due to the present technology nature that stimulates the interactivity with customers. To conclude this theory, it is quite clear that this theory has the competitive advantage opportunities base to the amount of resources and researches that are carried out in the foreign country before entering. This model only focuses on the selected firm unlike other models that extends their researches to environmental explanatory variables rather than being static. The key features of Uppsala theory are: Firms first of all achieve their knowledge from the home market before moving to the distant markets. Organizations start their overseas operations from culturally/ geographically and religiously close nations and progress slowly to culturally and geographically further far-away countries. Organizations also launch their overseas operations by making use of the traditional exports and slowly but surely moving to the using of a more intensified and demanding operational modes like sales subsidiaries at the company and target country level. It is the objectives of the firm to produce abroad I all markets. Transaction Cost Theory is a cost that is incurred in creating an economic trading (which is the cost of taking part in a market, economies of scale and transportation cost). This involves all the cost incurred from the starting of a particular transaction to the end. This is the summation of all the expenses involved in establishing a new market in a foreign country, this include both the explicit cost and the implicit cost and it affects both the both the service provider and the customer. Normally, it is advantageous to have the external transaction costs more than the internal transaction costs, this will guarantee the companys growth but, if the internal transaction costs are more than the external transaction costs this will lead the company to a downscale by outsourcing. Transaction cost economics arises when multinational companies are more efficient than their markets and contracts in organizing interdependencies between their agents that are located in different countries. It is the theory of the role and size of a firm. If a company plans to utilize a firm-specific asset in a foreign market and this utilization has to be done in that market due to their localization factors for example, trade barriers, high transportation costs and some other specific factors, the company can best do this by obtaining the required license to invest abroad on their own facilities rather than using that of the foreign countrys market. This is because; the more intangible the firm-specific assets are, the stronger its tendency of being successful would be. Transaction Cost theory is closely related to the internalization theory. With the transaction cost theory, firms always strive to minimize their cost at all point during their operations and decision making. This is why firms would need to consider to either entering a foreign market with their total assets or collaborating with their external partners as externalization (Williamson, 1975). The failure of a foreign emerging market strongly depends on this decision (Williamson, 1979). The key features of the Transaction Cost Theory are: * The transaction cost approach focuses on costs and how these costs would affect a firms choice of market and their modes of entry into a new boundary market. * This theory views organizational structure as a single important arrangement for establishing and safeguarding transactions and reducing transaction costs between participants and across organizational boundaries. * The Transaction cost covers all the costs of searching for information about a foreign market, products, buyers and sellers; negotiation costs; and monitoring which is part of the enforcement costs. * Transaction costs and transactional difficulties increases when transactions are characterized by: Asset specificity; Uncertainty (internal and external); and Frequency of transaction. * The international market decision is made in a rational manner base on the analysis of the cost of transaction. * Organizations make decisions based on the evaluations and comparing of their cost of an entry mode that is related to their objectives. Critiques of Transaction Cost theory This theory can be wrong and also dangerous for corporate managers because of its assumptions on which it is based on. Firms are not mere alternatives for the structuring of efficient transactions when markets results disappoints; they hold a strong advantages for leading and controlling certain kinds of economic actions via a strategy that is extremely unusual from that of a market both national and international. Transaction Cost theory is bad for being put into practice because it fails to recognize the just mentioned difference (Masten, 1993). Conclusively, Firms should select the organizational forms and locations for which transaction costs are minimized. (Donaldson O`Toole, 2007).A firm should expand its operations until their cost of making an extra transaction within the firm is equal to the cost of making similar or more transaction in another place (foreign market). The firm should first of all continue to grow internally until external sources have a cost advantage before externalizing (Hollensen, 2007). Network Model: In the network model theory, the market is seen as a system of social and industrial relationships among customers, suppliers, competitors, families and friends within a given boundary and beyond. This is for the purpose of creating the opportunity and motivation for internationalization. Following the network perspectives, the strategic decisions that are usually taken by organizations strongly depends on the relationships between the various parties and individual firms also depends on the resources that are controlled by other national and international firms. The structure of the Network Model can be demonstrated below: Actors Activities Resources (Johanson and Mattsson, 1988) The key features of the Network Model are as follows: * This model is based on the theories of social exchange and focuses on firm behavior in the context of inter-organizational and interpersonal relationships. * The glue that bonds the relationships together between the actors is based on technical, economic, legal and above all personal ties. * The long-term relationships between business actors and the background in which the organization operates have the illustrative significance in the description of the internationalization of firms. * A firm does not act alone in relation to other actors in a market. * A conjecture in this model is that an organization is reliant on other firms resources surrounded by the same network; an example is the customer and supplier relationships. Critiques of the Network Model The start-up problem in this model prevents even-adoption of superior products; excess sluggishness can occur as no actor is be willing to put up with the over proportional threat of being the first adopter of a standard. In many cases, the existence of network effects could lead to a weak and inferior result in markets (pareto-inferior). Also, In the case of sponsored technologies, there is a possibility to internalize the otherwise more or less lost of network gains by strategic inter-temporal pricing. Private incentives to providing networks that can overcome the inertia problems can be made possible but still the assurance of social optimality would not be certain. Conclusively, the network relationships are significant opportunities for the acquirement of resources and knowledge that are necessary for foreign development of firms. Also, the relationships of firms in a domestic network can be used as bridges to other networks in other Countries. Such direct and indirect bridges to different country networks can be important in the opening steps abroad and in the successive entry of new markets in an emerging industry. References Books Cyert, R.M., and March, J.G., (1963). A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Donaldson, B., and OToole, T., (2007). Strategic Market Relationships: From strategy to Implementation. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Hadjiikhani, A., and Johanson, M., (2001). Expectation- The Missing Link in the Internationalization Process Model. New Plymouth: Pergamon Press. Hollensen, S. (2001). Global Marketing- A market-responsive approach. 2nd ed. Gosport: Prentice Hall. Hakansson, H., and Johanson, J., (1992). A Model of Industrial Networks. Stockholm: Almquist Wiksell International. Hollensen, S. (2007). Global Marketing A Market-Responsive Approach, London: Prentice Hall. Johanson, J. associates, (1994). Internationalization, Relationships and Networks. Stockholm: Almqvist Wiksell International. Johanson, J., and Vahlne, J-E., (1977). The Internationalization Process of the Firm- A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments. Stockholm: Almquist Wiksell International. Johanson, J., and Vahlne, J-E. (1990). The Mechanism of Internationalization. Stockholm: Almquist Wiksell International. Johanson, J., and Mattson, L-G., (1988). Internationalization in Industrial Systems A network Approach in Strategies in Global Competition (ed. By Hood, N Vahlne J-E. 287-314). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Penrose, E., (1995). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm (3rd ed.). Great Britain: Oxford University Press. Williams, O., (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York: The Free Press JOURNALS Kotabe, M., and Helson, K., (2008). Global Marketing Management. A Journal of Global Marketing. 6th February, pp. 329-331. Whitelock, J., (2002). Theories of Internationalization and Their Impact on Market Entry. A Journal of International Marketing Review. 7th February, 342-344. Williams, O., (1979). Transaction Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations, Journal of Law and Economics. 3rd February, pp. 233-262.

The Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   What would Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, be like without the character of the Ghost? The drama simply wouldn’t BE! The Ghost, though not a human character in most senses of the word, is crucial for the development of the play. This essay will analyze this interesting character.    The ghost’s apparition has deep significance. It touches the very spiritual underpinnings of the Denmark state. Frank Kermode in â€Å"Hamlet† explores the spiritual dimension of this spectral visit:    But meanwhile the ghost – â€Å"this thing† – has appeared. (Horatio as skeptic raises questions as to its status which could have been avoided.) There has been speculation as to its purpose, but one thing seems sure: it has to do with the state of the nation – it   â€Å"bodes some strange eruption to our state† – and with the armaments drive now in progress under the threat from Norway. That it genuinely has to do with the state of the nation – its spiritual rather than its merely political state – we shall learn; and to give us a â€Å"musical’ sense that this is so, there is the unexpected speech about Christmas (1138).    Let it be said that the Ghost makes his appearance even before the drama has begun. Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes the ghost’s activity prior to the opening scene of Shakespeare’s tragedy:    The story opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes the hour of one, a ghost has appeared on the battlements, a figure dressed in complete armor and with a face like that of the dead king of Denmark, Hamlet’s father. A... ...: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Excerpted from Stories from Shakespeare. N. p.: E. P. Dutton, 1956.    Edwards, Philip. â€Å"The Ghost: Messenger from a Higher Court of Values?† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from Introduction to Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. N. P.: Cambridge University P., 1985.    Kermode, Frank. â€Å"Hamlet.† The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. â€Å"The World of Hamlet.† Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Rev. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. New York: Oxford University P., 1967.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.      

Jane Addams Essay -- Biography Biographies essays research papers

The late 1800s was a time when many immigrants were coming to America, social classes were being distinguished, and a great deal of prejudice was sweeping over the United States. The upper and middle classes had extreme advantages over the lower class, which consisted of a large number of immigrants. These lower class individuals were looked down upon by the prestigious upper class, who were brought up with the best of everything for their time period. Despite her family’s honorable place in society, one woman rose above the gap between the classes in order to help individuals, who were less fortunate than she. Her name was Jane Addams and this paper will focus on her life-long contributions to help the poor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Addams was born on September 6, 1860, in Illinois. Her mother died when she was only three years old leaving her with only a father and 8 siblings. Her father became her backbone of her life and was responsible for her learning of the harsh conditions that many less fortunate people were forced to live with. He was the first thing that made her want to help others. â€Å"She was devoted to and profoundly influenced by her father, an idealist and philanthropist of Quaker tendencies and a state senator of Illinois for16 years† (Gale 54).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Her determination was seen early in her life. Even though many women were advised not to go to college because they were meant for marriage and not education, at the age of 17, Addams enrolled into a woman college called Rockford Seminary. â€Å"During her 4 years at Rockford, she took courses in German, Latin, Greek, history, literature, algebra, and trigonometry. She also studied science-geology, chemistry, mineralogy, and astronomy-as well as music, philosophy and Bible history† ( Kittredge 34). On top of taking these difficult courses, she scored nearly perfect in almost every class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowing that her goal in life was to benefit others in some form or another, after graduating from Rockford, she went to the Women’s Medical College of Philadelphia. Unfortunately, her stay in this college was short-lived because depression and a back surgery caused her to drop out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Besides being educated in academics, she wanted to learn about people†¦all types of people. She did this by traveling abroad in Europe for a few years. While in London, she came across a settlement house called Toynbee. Here, she was impress... ...obel Peace Prize. â€Å"Now 71 years old, she had at last received official recognition for her tireless efforts on behalf of peace† (Kittredge 99). Addams was the second woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, however she was not able to accept it in person because she was in the hospital awaiting lung surgery. With her earnings for this honor she divided the money between Hull House and The International League for Peace. On May 21, 1935, cancer consumed the life of Jane Addams. Many were greatly grieved by the loss. â€Å"At Hull House where Addams’s body lay in state a stream of neighbors, friends, and admirers filed past her casket at a rate of 2000 per hour† (Kittredge 105). This showed how powerful this woman was to the lives of many in the American Society. In conclusion, this woman was a pioneer to the wealthy all over the world. Her message was to reach out and help someone who is in need of your help. Although this happened decades ago, the message is still clear in the world today. Many of us should look at the life of this woman and see how we could apply it to everyday life. If everyone exerted as much compassion as this woman did than the world would be a much better place.

Implement person centred approaches in a health social care setting Essay

1.1 define person centred values.  Person centred values are there to ensure that the person using the service has all decisions about care ect. Made around them and their needs. 1.2 explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person centred approaches to establish the needs and wishes of the individual and make sure these are met. This also means that the individual will feel empowered and have some sense of control over their lives. 1.3 explain why risk taking can be part of a person centred approach. Because taking risks involves risk assessments which the individual can be made a part of. Also it empowers individuals to make choices and take risks in their lives. see more:identify possible barriers to active participation 1.4 explain how using a persons care plan contributes to working in a person centred way. Because no two care plans are the same as they are about an individual using the care plan means we are working to suit the individual taking into account their likes and dislikes. 3.1 explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support. This is important as it then includes the individual in decision making, and to ensure they don’t feel ignored or under valued. 3.3 explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established. I would discuss the problem with my manager and possibly a doctor or advocate for the individual. Also I would make a record of this and sign and date it. 4.1 describe how participation benefits an individual  this benefits individuals as it makes them feel important and that things are done for their benefit and with their consent. This benefits the individual as it makes them an active part of making choices about their lives and how they live . 4.2 identify possible barriers to active participation emotions disabilities attitudes strict routines lack of training

GE – credentials

Jeff Immelt ‘s 5th twelvemonth in office as the Chairman and CEO of GE besides saw GE being crowned as the universe ‘s most admired company by Fortune Magazine for the 6th clip and 2nd clip in Immelt ‘s term of office this was in add-on to GE being on top of the list of Financial Times ‘ most admired companies of the universe for seven out of the last eight old ages. The company has been able to crush the US lag of 2001, 9/11 and lifting input monetary values and still maintained a growing rate of 5 % which none of its Industrial or Financial equals has been able to fit and with the restructuring and Jeff Immelt ‘s new growing enterprises GE has been able to present a growing of 8 % from bing concern and another 3 % through acquisitions in 2005 and is all set to reiterate that public presentation every twelvemonth for the following decennary. For the past century GE has continually set the docket of direction thoughts and patterns that other companies will follow. It pioneered the rules of organisation design in 1892 and in 1950s it produced the celebrated â€Å" Blue Books † – Ultra detailed guide given to GE directors on how to carry on concern. In 1960s it led the move to strategic planning. In 1980s and 1990s it tool constructs like Leadership Development, Work Out and Six Sigma. Testimonies for GE from industry and academic leaders: â€Å" GE is the best school of direction on Earth saloon none † Clay Christensen Professor, Harvard Business School and writer of â€Å" The Innovator ‘s Dilemma † â€Å" GE has set a criterion in leading development in a manner that all of us have benefited from. † Kevin Sharer, CEO of Amgen â€Å" What makes GE the gilded criterion is the consistence of public presentation over a really drawn-out period. † Kevin Rollins, CEO of DellCompany Fast FactsMarket Cap – $ 354 billionEmployees – 300,000Stockholders – 5 millionAverage Annual Return since 1996 – 13.5 %Company Fact SheetGeneral Electric Company ( General Electric ) is a diversified industrial corporation. The company manufactures a broad scope of merchandises from major contraptions and illuming merchandises to commercial and military aircraft jet engines ; medical diagnostic imagination systems ; life science checks and separation engineering merchandises to electrical distribution and control equipment. The company has operations in North America, Europe, Asia and South America General Electric operates through six concern divisions: substructure, industrial, commercial finance, health care, consumer finance and NBC Universal. Infrastructure produces, sells, fundss and services equipment for the air transit and energy coevals industries. The substructure besides produces, sells and services equipment for the rail transit and H2O intervention industries. The substructure division operates chiefly through its sub-divisions. The air power sub-segment green goodss, sells and services jet engines, propjet and turbo shaft engines, and related replacing parts for usage in military and commercial aircraft. This sub-segment is besides engaged in supplying care, fix and inspection and repair services ( MRO ) services for aircraft constituents including engines. The air power fiscal services sub-segment offers a wide scope of fiscal merchandises to air hoses, aircraft operators, loaners, investors and airdrome developers. These fiscal merchandises include rentals, aircraft buying and trading, engine/spare parts funding, pilot preparation, fleet planning and fiscal consultative services. The energy sub-division provid es merchandises and services to the planetary energy industry. These merchandises and services assist the energy industry in production, distribution and direction of energy. The company ‘s merchandise portfolio includes wind turbines, aircraft engine derived functions, gas turbines and generators. The oil and gas sub-segment offers merchandises and services for the production, transit, storage, refinement, and distribution of oil and natural gas. The transit sub-division provides engineering solutions for clients in a assortment of industries, including railway, theodolite, excavation, oil and gas, power coevals, and Marine. The merchandises offered by the transit sub-division include high horsepower diesel-electric engines every bit good as parts and services for engines. The H2O sub-division offers solutions for sublimating H2O. These solutions include supply of forte chemicals, pumps, valves and filters ; fluid handling equipment ; effluent and procedure systems The industrial division sells merchandises including consumer contraptions, industrial equipment and plastics, and related services. This division ‘s operations are located in North America, Europe, Asia and South America. The company chiefly operates through its sub-divisions. The consumer and industrial sub-division sells place contraptions including iceboxs, deep-freezes, electric and gas scopes, cooktops, dish washers, apparels washers and driers, microwave ovens, room air conditioners, and residential H2O systems for filtration, softening and heating. This division brands include Monogram, GE Profile, GE and Hotpoint. The equipment services sub-division provides leases, rentals, gross revenues and plus direction services for commercial and transit equipment. The plastics sub-division industries and sells plastics used by compounders, molders and original equipment makers. These plastics are used in a assortment of applications including fiction of automotive parts, computi ng machine enclosures, compact discs and optical-quali The commercial finance division offers a wide scope of fiscal services. This division ‘s operations are spread across North America, South America, Europe, Australia and Asia. This division has mid-market expertness and offers loans, rentals and other fiscal services to makers, distributers and end-users of a assortment of equipment and major capital assets. These assets include industrial-related installations and equipment, commercial and residential existent estate, vehicles, corporate aircraft, and equipment used in many industries such as the building, fabrication, telecommunications and health care industries. The health care division manufactures sells and services a scope of medical equipment. The services offered by the division include distant diagnostic and fix for medical equipment, computerized information direction and client productiveness services. The healthcare division chiefly operates in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. The consumer finance division offers recognition and sedimentation merchandises and services to consumers, retail merchants, agents and car traders in over 50 states. The fiscal merchandises offered by the division include private-label recognition cards ; bank cards ; double cards ; corporate travel and buying cards ; personal loans ; car loans ; rentals and stock list funding ; residential mortgages ; place equity loans ; debt consolidation loans ; current and savings histories and insurance merchandises related to consumer finance offerings for clients on a planetary footing. NBC Universal, another division, is a media company. It is chiefly engaged in the broadcast of web telecasting services to attached telecasting Stationss within the US ; the production of unrecorded and recorded telecasting plans ; the production and distribution of gesture images ; the operation, under licences from the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , of telecasting broadcast medium Stationss ; the ownership of several cable/satellite webs around the universe ; the operation of subject Parkss ; and investing and programming activities in multimedia and the cyberspace. The NBC Television Network is one of four major US commercial broadcast telecasting webs and serves 230 attached Stationss within the US.CHANGING OPERATING ENVIRONMENT AND GEâ€Å" We ‘re now in a slow-growth universe. Thingss were different 25 old ages ago. Oil was under $ 30 a barrel ; most growing came from the developed universe ; we were a state at peace. After I came in as CEO, I looked at the universe post-9/11 and realized that over the following 10 or 20 old ages, there merely was non traveling to be much tailwind. It would be a more planetary market, it would be more driven by invention, and a premium would be placed on companies that could bring forth their ain growing. We have to alter the company-to become more innovation driven-in order to cover with this new environment. It ‘s the right thing for investors. Productivity is still really of import, but if you look back at GE ‘s concerns over the past decennary or so, those that have been managed for both productiveness and growing have done the best. â€Å" The statement from Jeff Immelt mentioned above gaining controls the really kernel of the altering concern environment that GE has to cover with now and therefore had to reconstitute itself into an organisation which is ready for tomorrow Analyzing GE ‘s Changing Environment Under Jeff ImmeltIndustry Sector: With the flop of 2001 and the US lag that followed GE was faced with a really slow growing industry sectors as its major concerns like Commercial Aviation and Power equipment were the 1s that had taken the maximal hit from the lag. However, GE ‘s relentless attempts on increasing productiveness became its Jesus. Besides Immelt ‘s attempts to hike globalisation and invest in R & A ; D helped GE to research new chances in the emerging markets and be ready to sit any rush in demandNatural Materials Sector: Post 9/11 and Iraq war the petroleum oil monetary values sky-rocketed and the of all time increasing demand from India and China lead to a immense rise in trade good monetary values. All this meant an of all time increasing force per unit area on the company ‘s profitableness due to input monetary valuesHuman Resources Sector: With a new and restructured company with more than 50 % grosss co ming from outside the United States a new challenge were acquiring a leading squad from these markets. Thus GE has increased the figure of direction alumnuss it plans to engage from Asia every twelvemonthFiscal Resources Sector: Post 9/11 the universe saw a reversal of tendency as the autumn of involvement rates stopped and they started lifting alternatively. However, thanks to immense hard currency flows from operations generated by GE and its AAA evaluation fiscal resources ne'er posed a menace to the companyMarket Sector: Again as more than half the grosss and about the full growing came from developing economic systems GE was faced with a wholly different market sector as GE had to acknowledge the importance of these new markets. In earlier old ages GE had followed a scheme of â€Å" Defeaturization † which meant taking an American merchandise and depriving it down to accommodate an Indian monetary value. However, this mentality is altering to developing a merchandise lan d up in India to accommodate an Indian monetary valueTechnology Sector: Technology is one sector which has more or less stayed invariable over the last few old ages as it has merely increased bit by bit and GE has if anything stayed in front of its clip with a go oning emphasis on leveraging its engineering and procedure excellence for presenting client valueEconomic Conditionss Sector: Last five old ages have witnessed both a lag and roar in the universe economic system with a really slow growing stage in the industrial universe station 9/11 and so a roar lead by China and IndiaGovernment Sector: The authorities sector inside the United States has stayed stable. However, the increasing force per unit area from the universe on the US to subscribe the Kyoto Protocol has meant GE had to switch its focal point on ecological balance by get downing a thrust called â€Å" Ecomagination †Sociocultural Sector: Last five old ages have scene a stabilised sociocultural environment with lone major alteration coming in signifier of altering demographics as the population in most of the underdeveloped universe is ageing and hence are the consumer demandsInternational Sector: As most of the grosss or the company is coming from international markets so is most of the competition. GE is now faced with competition from its European and Asiatic challengers even as it has outsmarted most of its American competitionSTRATEGIES THAT SHAPED GE OVER THE YEARSA Glimpse at the History of the World ‘s greatest company – A pudding stone formed through acquisitions and inventions General Electric Company ( General Electric ) was established in 1892 with the amalgamation of Thomson-Houston Electric and Edison General Electric. Its early merchandises included visible radiation bulbs, motors, wassailers, lifts, and other contraptions. In the undermentioned old ages, General Electric acquired a figure of companies such as Siemens & A ; Halske ‘s subdivision in Chicago in 1900 and Stanlet Electric Company in 1903. The company continued to spread out and by 1980, its merchandises ranged from plastics, consumer electronics, atomic reactors, to gush engines. In the undermentioned twelvemonth, the operations of the company were decentralized. It bought common fund jobber GNA in 1993. In the same twelvemonth, GE Investment direction began selling common financess to the populace. GE Capital Services, its subordinate, expanded its lines, purchasing Amex Life Insurance and Life Insurance Company of Virginia in 1995. The company continued to spread out through the acquisition of other companies and through the constitution of joint ventures. The company sold Genie online services in 1996 and entered into a joint venture with Microsoft organizing the MSNBC overseas telegram intelligence channel in 1997. During 1999, the company acquired 134 companies. In 2001, GE and Honeywell International terminated their earlier amalgamation understanding after EU regulators blocked the trade. As portion of the understanding, General Electric acquired two concerns from Honeywell ; Tensor, an oil and gas group, and Honeywell Advanced Composites. General Electric made a figure of acquisitions in 2002, including Instrumentarium, USA Instruments, Infographic Systems, Deutsch Financial Services and Ion Track. It besides combined its lighting and contraptions concerns to Form GE Consumer Products in 2002. General Electric announced a amalgamation trade between NBC and Vivendi Universal amusement in 2003. The company gained ownership of 80 % of the new company, NBC Universal. Later during the same twelvemonth, General Electric acquired Sophia, a Gallic existent estate company. Besides in the same twelvemonth, the media group controlled by GE severed its fiscal ties with Paxson. General Electric made many acquisitions in 2003, including RAMiX, SI Pressure Instruments and Saferex Oy of Finland. GE Medical Systems completed the acquisition of Triple G Systems Group in late 2003. Besides during the twelvemonth, Littlejohn & A ; Company agreed to get GE Superabrasives. General Electric agreed to get InVision Technologies in 2004. During the same clip, the company completed its acquisition of well all of the US concern assets of AstroPower, a taking maker of solar electric power merchandises. GE Commercial Finance, the business-to-business fiscal services unit of General Electric, purchased assets from Boeing Capital Corporation in 2004. While GE Consumer Finance, the planetary consumer loaning unit of General Electric acquired DeltaBank, a Moscow-based Russian consumer bank. GE Energy acquired three concern units of S D Myers. In Canada, GE acquired Ikon Office Solutions, a leasing concern. General Electric besides acquired the assets of ChevronTexaco ‘s gasification engineering concern. In South Africa, the company acquired well all the assets of Fluidex Engineering of Johannesburg. General Electric sold its bulk interest in its GE Capital International Services unit in 2004. General Electric restructured its operations into six concerns during 2005 ; each concern focused on the wide markets served by the company. These concerns were substructure, commercial finance, consumer finance, health care, NBC Universal and industrial. General Electric made several acquisitions during 2005. In Turkey, the company acquired a 25.5 % voting interest in Garanti Bank, a full service Turkish bank. GE ‘s commercial finance division acquired the Transportation Financial Services Group of CitiCapital ; the Inventory Finance division of Bombardier Capital ; Antares Capital, a nit of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance ; and ING ‘s part of Heller. General Electric ‘s substructure division acquired Ionics.GE ‘s Growth Strategy under Jeff ImmeltWhat Immelt inherited from the legendary Jack Welch was a extremely productive company which has grown through a batch of acquisitions of all time since its origin. Immelt recognized that the environment GE operated in has changed dramatically over the old ages and the universe has entered a slow growing stage and merely those companies which can turn on their ain will be valued at a premium. Immelt brought about radical alterations at GE as the older rules of growing were done off with and concern successes were now measured by return on capital alternatively of pure market leading. A important alteration was the extent to which the organisation became externally oriented as Immelt reinstated the station of a Chief Marketing Officer after about three decennaries bespeaking a new market oriented GE. Following major measure taken by Immelt was increasing investings in R & A ; D once more consistent with the company making its ain growing rater so turning by acquisitions. In kernel Immelt kept the values of productiveness and globalisation but added a growing jussive mood to it as in Immelt ‘s words â€Å" another decennary of 4 % growing would intend that GE would discontinue to be a great company any longer † . What Immelt has done with reshaping the scheme is in kernel a tradition of GE leaders as Immelt himself sums it up by stating â€Å" Most people inside GE learn from the yesteryear but have a healthy discourtesy for history † . The consequence of GE ‘s alteration in scheme to growing manner has been discussed in item in the subdivision on alteration attempts of Immelt subsequently Consequence of Strategy Change on people of GE Change from Welch ‘s 6 C ‘s to Immelt ‘s Growth Traits Immelt has identified the following as the growing traits for GE leaders as against the 6C ‘s identified by WelchExternal FocusClear ThinkingImaginationInclusivenessExpertnessWhat this means that the focal point of the company is now on market focal point and edifice new merchandises and work outing jobs through adept sphere cognition. This besides implies that Jack Welch ‘s doctrine of traveling people from one concern to another in 18 months will give manner to a state of affairs where people would remain in a GE concern for around five old ages on an norm to develop expertness required to present high organic growing.Technical SUB-SYSTEM AT GE – Technical LEADERSHIP AND LINKING PROCESS EXCELLENCE TO CUSTOMER VALUETechnical LeadershipMerchandises, services and content represent GE ‘s value added and are the cardinal to its growing. It invests about $ 14 billion each twelvemonth in this rational foundation for the Company, which includes R & A ; D, content d evelopment and selling. The graduated table of this Investment – the deepness and the breadth – makes GE unique. GE leverages breadth to take in service engineering. We leverage breadth to take in service engineering. An illustration of this is new service engineering is non-destructive proving. This takes imaging engineering from its health care concern and applies it to energy, rail, air power and oil & A ; gas. For clients, proving substructure for failure could salvage one million millions of dollars each twelvemonth. It uses its technological strength to win. The premium of great engineering is non merely the merchandises it sells today, but besides the big installed base of durable assets where they sell service. Its service concern is profitable and grows rapidly. More significantly, services are aligned to work out client jobs in countries such as fuel efficiency, environmental public presentation and quality. It has a talented group of applied scientists and engineers. The company ‘s renewed focal point on advanced merchandises gives them a platform for leading in the company.Ass ociating Process Excellence to Customer ValueIn 2005, GE accelerated its advancement to associate internal procedures to the success of clients. It starts by making formal ways to listen to client input in â€Å" dreaming Sessionss † which involves taking alone client groupings and holding them assist form scheme. Next, the company improved its client facing processes utilizing Lean Six Sigma, a procedure for cut downing rhythm clip. Every GE employee wakes up in the forenoon wanting to assist a client. Thin helps to look at procedures from a client point of position and engages the squad to make solutions. In several concerns it is associating Lean straight to growing, through what is called â€Å" Thin Showcases. † The intent of these show windows is non merely to better rhythm clip for the benefit of clients. Rather, it is to be so good that it generates incremental growing†¦ $ 50 million in each â€Å" show window. † Last, GE is utilizing a simple metri c called Net Promoter Score ( NPS ) to mensurate how clients view GE. NPS creates a position of client trueness. The absolute mark is less of import than the tendency. It learns from both boosters and disparagers. Most significantly, we have been able to tie in NPS betterment with growing. NPS is simple and we can be used across the Company. The ultimate end is to utilize betterments in NPS as a step in how leaders get compensated.Organization STRUCTURE AT GENERAL ELECTRIC AND ITS EVOLUTIONAs is apparent from the construction described above GE follows a really level organisation construction composed which is a mix of divisional, functional and regional constructions. It is phenomenal for an organisation of the size of GE which has over 300,000 employees across the Earth to be so organic and level in its organisation construction. As seen above GE ‘s construction can be chiefly described as a divisional construction further each division follows a similar two grade constructi on and therefore any thought can make every bit far as the CEO by merely go throughing through 2 degrees above. The extent of GE ‘s two-dimensionality and broad span of control can be viewed from the fact that the CEO spends every bit much as tierce of his clip on people and takes attention of choosing and reexamining top 600 of the company ‘s leaders himself. These top 600 leaders so take similar duties for their staff However, GE ‘s construction was non ever as level. It all started in 1892 when Charles Coffins, so CEO and Chairman of the company created an organisational construction which laid the basicss of Organization Design and lead to the beginning of a new topic in Management which was later followed by all direction establishments and companies. This construction kept on going more and more tall and stiff as the company grew at an tremendous gait and it eventually resulted in a construction where there were six beds of Sector Executives between the concern leaders of each of the GE ‘s concerns and the CEO. This resulted in a bureaucratic civilization and an organisation where senior status and term of office were valued more than virtue and most of the new thoughts got lost someplace in the bureaucratism or by the clip they reached the relevant determination shapers at that place clip had been by. In 1981 Jack Welch took over as the Chairman and CEO of the company and He abolished all the beds of sector executives that separated the concern leaders from the CEO and created a level organisation which was really receptive of fresh thoughts and was a true meritocracy and the current construction was born. This construction was supported by a really strict and frequent rating system and People Management became one of the primary activities of the CEO himself.Cultural SUB-SYSTEMS AND GROWTH INITIATIVES AT GEThe Cultural and Operating System is GE larning civilization in action. It is a year-around series of intense acquisition Sessionss where Business CEOs, function theoretical accounts and inaugural title-holders from GE every bit good as outside companies, meet and portion rational capital. The cardinal focal point is ever on sharing and seting into action, the best thoughts and patterns from across the company and around the universe.How Does It Work?Meetings take topographic point year-round, in an eternal procedure of enrichment. Learning physiques from old meetings, spread outing the range and increasing the impulse of our company-wide enterprises. Driven by the company ‘s values – trust, informality, simpleness, boundaryless behaviour and the love of alteration – the Operating System allows GE concerns to make velocities and public presentation degrees unattainable were they on their ain.What Are The Results?The Operating System translates thoughts into action across three twelve concerns so quickly that all the enterprises have become operational across the company within one month of launch, and have ever produced positive fiscal consequences within their first rhythm. Globalization has been enriched through more than a twelve rhythms, Six Sigma is in its 5th rhythm, Services is in its sixth, and e-Business its 3rd.Five Key Areas to Drive GE Business GrowthGE is committed to accomplishing world-wide leading in each of its concerns. To accomplish that leading, GE ‘s ongoing concern scheme centres on five cardinal growing enterprises:Technical LeadershipServicessCustomer FocusGrowth PlatformsGlobalizationGE is committed to leading in the â€Å" following coevals † of engineering. It ‘s well-positioned to drive growing for the hereafter with proficient excellence in each concern by developing a planetary proficient capableness, increasing new merchandise growing, and puting in planetary research. Servicesshave grown from the traditional activities of parts replacing, passing and reconditioning machines to a larger and broader vision. The new vision includes puting in concern and engineering to better the public presentation on its installed base and the manner it really services it. Through higher engineering, it has the ability to travel beyond serving to reengineering the installed base. By making so, it dramatically improved its clients ‘ competitory places. GE is in the thick of an unbelievable transmutation brought on by the Internet detonation. Its chase of digitisation will quickly alter its traffics with sellers, spouses, and most of all, its clients. Customer Focusis guaranting that everything it does provides value to our clients. It means making a partnership that – combined with expertness in fiscal, service and engineering industries – maximizes client profitableness and ensures quality. A cardinal GE strength is the ability to gestate the hereafter, place â€Å" unstoppable † tendencies and develop new ways to turn. Growth is the enterprise, the nucleus competence in edifice at GE. Globalizationis non merely endeavoring to turn grosss by selling goods and services in planetary markets. It besides means globalising every activity of the company, including the sourcing of natural stuffs, constituents, and merchandises. Globalization particularly means finding and pulling the limitless pool of rational capital – the really best people – from all around the Earth.JEFF IMMELT ‘S STRATEGIC GROWTH IMPERATIVES – Drive AND MANAGING CHANGE AT GEWhen Jeff Immelt became CE ‘s president and CEO in 2001, the organisation already had a robust tool kit in topographic point to undertake concern jobs. Most of its cardinal enterprises have focused on heightening productiveness.The Productivity Tool KitBest Practices Sharing: identifies peculiarly effectual attacks and spreads them across CE ‘s concernsChange Acceleration Process: equips leaders with a proved method of pull offing alteration and prepares them to win as alteration agentsCroton ville Customer Programs: deploy the resources of GE ‘s celebrated internal preparation installation for the benefit of clientsMultigenerational Product Development Plan: ensures that new merchandises are non merely optimized for the close term but have the ability to germinate with client demandsProcedure Maping: creates ocular representations of concern procedures to ease understanding and simplificationQuick Market Intelligence: physiques on Wal-M art ‘s invention of tapping into real-time informations about client and rival behaviour and disseminating that insight quickly throughout the organisationSimplification: thrusts out immaterial costs incurred by overcomplicated procedures and proliferation of options in sourcing and other countriesSix Sigma: employs Motorola- pioneered methods to convey defect degrees below 3.4 defects per million chances. Intensive quality preparation outputs â€Å" green belts ‘ â€Å" black belts: ‘ and â€Å" maestro black belts †Work-Out: utilizations cross-functional squads and town hall meetings to happen ways to take unproductive work out of the system, like meetings, studies, and blessing degrees that add no valueHowever, General Electric under the leading of Jeff Immelt is flexing every waking attempt to an brave aim-to grow organically two to three times faster than universe GDP which translates into a growing rate of 8 % + from its bing concerns itself. Immelt attributes this alteration in doctrine to the fact that the universe has changed dramatically post 9/11 forcing up the input monetary values and the economic growing engines have besides shifted towards emerging economic systems like China and India. Prosecuting that end, the company has invented a whole new set of direction methods and hence is altering focal point from productiveness to productiveness with growing.Strong PortfolioGE ‘s foundation is a set of leading concerns constructed to accomplish long-run marks of more than 10 % one-year net incomes growing and 20 % return on entire capital ( ROTC ) . In 2005, the Company was restructured into six concerns focused on the wide markets served: Infrastructure, Commercial Finance, Consumer Finance, Healthcare, NBC Universal and Industrial. Each concern has graduated table, market leading and superior client offerings. Over the past few old ages, the company has sharply strengthened its portfolio. It had two ends in head: better its industrial growing rate and expand fiscal services returns. Since 2002, it has completed $ 65 billion of acquisitions, and announced or completed about $ 30 billion of divestitures. Its organic growing has expanded to 8 % versus an historical degree of 5 % . At the same clip, its ROE in its fiscal services concerns has increased to 26 % its concerns fit good with the large demographic subjects of its epoch. As a consequence, it is positioned to turn organically at two to three times the planetary gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) . GE uses its size to execute for investors. Since 1990, GE ‘s continuing net incomes have grown every twelvemonth but one, and most of these old ages have had double-digit net incomes growing. Its dividend has increased for 30 consecutive old ages, turning 12 % on norm. The undermentioned concerns have been identified as cardinal future growing drivers in a recent GE mentality meeting:Healthcare IT†¦ Market leadingOil & A ; Gas†¦ Market Leadership†¦ Expanding QuicklyWater†¦ Continue to spread out globallySecurity & A ; Feeling†¦ Continue to spread out†¦ industry consolidatingLatino Media†¦ grow portion in US & A ; explore planetary chanceCommon Enterprises: Organic GrowthThe 2nd jussive mood is to drive common enterprises across the portfolio to spread out public presentation. The GE squad embraces these enterprises. They measure, learn and drive enterprises until they become portion of the civilization. Its most of import enterprise is to drive 8 % organic gross growing. This was launched in 2004, when it had an historical growing rate of 5 % . The entire continuing gross growing was 11 % in 2005, and organic growing was 8 % . This was about twice its industrial and fiscal equals. Jeff Immelt has come up with a mo del known as â€Å" Execute for Growth † which will steer the concern leaders in all GE concerns to accomplish this brave mark of organically turning the company at 8 % . The model is outlined in the undermentioned subdivisionThe Growth Tool KitA new set of tools has been added to the old kit to assist CE accomplish its ends for top-line growing.Acquisition Integration Framework: lineations a elaborate procedure for guaranting that acquired entities are efficaciously assimilated into GEAt the Customer, for the Customer: brings CE ‘s internal best patterns, direction tools, and developing plans to clients confronting their ain managerial challengesCECOR Marketing Framework: connects invention and other growing attempts with market chances and client demands by inquiring inquiries to graduate, explore, create, form, and recognize strategic growingCustomer Dreaming Sessions: assemble a group of the most influential and originative people in an industry to visualize its her eafter and provoke the sort of interchange that can animate new programsGrowth Traits and Appraisals: lineation and implement the outlook that GE ‘s following coevals of leaders will expose five strengths: external focal point, clear thought, imaginativeness, inclusiveness, and sphere expertnessImagination Breakthroughs: focal point top direction ‘s attending and resources on assuring thoughts from anyplace in the organisationInvention Fundamentalss: Equip directors with four exercisings to prosecute people in invention, and fix them to transform new thoughts into actionInnovation Labs and Tool Kit: support concern scheme, merchandise development, and other cross-functional undertaking squads with a assortment of resources and stuffs relevant to innovation attemptsThin Showcases: demonstrate the power of â€Å" thin † thought by leting people to see how rhythm times were reduced in a nucleus customer- facing concern procedureThin Six Sigma: puts the Six Sigma meth ods and tools in the service of a critical goal-reducing rhythm times in the procedures that chiefly drive client satisfactionNet-Promoter Mark: holds all GE concerns to a new criterion: They must track and better the per centum of clients who would urge GE. The tonss are seen as prima indexs of growing and public presentation ; concern squads apply thin Six Sigma and other tools to analyse tonss and place and implement bettermentsPeoples + CultureGE has ever been seen as an organisation which is a university in itself and this committedness is reflected in the fact that CEO Jeff Immelt spends a s much as tierce of his clip on people and the company spends in surplus of $ 1 billion each twelvemonth on assorted developing plans. GE is committed to learn its leaders new accomplishments that make them modern-day in every epoch. Consistent with our enterprises, it is learning them to be growing leaders. To accomplish consistent growing, every leader in every map must do it their mission . This will necessitate personal intercession with clients and protection of the support of Imagination Breakthroughs. It will necessitate risk-taking based on deep market inherent aptitudes. Jeff Immelt along with other senior leaders studied the properties of companies that had long-run success with organic growing like Dell and Toyota. They found that they had five traits in common:They had external focal point that defined success in market footings.They were clear minds who simplified scheme into specific actions, made determinations and communicated precedences.They had imaginativeness and bravery to take hazards on both people and thoughts.They were energized by inclusiveness and a connexion with people, which builds trueness and committedness.They developed expertness in a map or sphere, utilizing deepness as a beginning of assurance to drive alteration.